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Canadian Index of Wellbeing
The Canadian Index of Wellbeing (CIW) is a composite index, composed of eight interconnected domains that measures stability and change in the wellbeing of Canadians over time. The CIW describes wellbeing as, “The presence of the highest possible quality of life in its full breadth of expression, focused on but not necessarily exclusive to: good living, standards, robust health, a sustainable environment, vital communities, an educated populace, balanced time use, high levels of democratic participation, and access to and participation in leisure and culture”. ”〔Canadian Index of Wellbeing. (2012). How are Canadians Really Doing? The 2012 CIW Report. Waterloo, ON: Canadian Index of Wellbeing and University of Waterloo. Available online at: https://uwaterloo.ca/canadian-index-wellbeing/resources/reports}〕 The CIW acts as a companion measure of societal progress to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), which is based solely upon economic productivity.〔Statistics Canada. (2008). Guide to the income and expenditure accounts (Catalogue no. 13-017-x http://www5.statcan.gc.ca/bsolc/olc-cel/olc-cel?catno=13-017-X&lang=eng). Ottawa, ON: Ministry of Industry.〕
〔Stiglitz, J.E., Sen, A., & Fitoussi, J.-P. (2009). Report by the Commission on the Measurement of Economic Performance and Social Progress. Paris: The Commission. Retrieved from http://www.stiglitz-sen-fitoussi.fr/en/index.htm〕
== Description ==
The Canadian Index of Wellbeing is part of a global movement that recognises the contribution of various domains of life to wellbeing. In Canada, these domains include community vitality, democratic engagement, education, environment, healthy populations, leisure and culture, living standards, and time use. By monitoring wellbeing objective and subjective indicators, both policy makers and the general public can advocate for social change important to promoting the highest level of wellbeing for all citizens. The CIW follows a similar approach to a social indicators of health perspective,〔Raphael, D. (Ed.). (2009). Social determinants of health: Canadian perspectives (2nd ed.). Toronto, ON: Canadian Scholars' Press.〕 with the premise that multiple, interrelated social and environmental factors contribute to the wellbeing of Canadians. The Public Health Agency of Canada also shares this approach.〔Public Health Agency of Canada. (2012). What makes Canadians healthy or unhealthy? Underlying premises and evidence table. Ottawa, ON: Author. Available online at: http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/ph-sp/determinants/determinants-eng.php#evidence〕
Beyond providing a companion measure to GDP, one of the primary objectives of the CIW is to identify interconnections among numerous factors that have an impact on the wellbeing of Canadians. Examining wellbeing from a multidimensional perspective, the CIW recognises that policy decisions and programmes can have impacts on the experiences, perceptions, and opportunities beyond the specific area for which they were intended. For instance, efforts to enhance the physical health of a population can decrease the necessity for health care treatment, which, in turn, frees up additional resources to fund education. Likewise, a sustainable environment can influence public health, contribute to more vibrant communities, and create opportunities for leisure and recreation. The challenge is for policy shapers and decision makers to effectively make use of the CIW to influence policies and legislation in order to improve the wellbeing of all Canadians.
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